![]() ![]() Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, Oatis C, Guyatt G, Block J, Callahan L, Copenhaver C, Dodge C, Felson D, Gellar K, Harvey WF, Hawker G, Herzig E, Kwoh CK, Nelson AE, Samuels J, Scanzello C, White D, Wise B, Altman RD, DiRenzo D, Fontanarosa J, Giradi G, Ishimori M, Misra D, Shah AA, Shmagel AK, Thoma LM, Turgunbaev M, Turner AS, Reston J. Therapeutic Injections for Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Knee osteoarthritis has doubled in prevalence since the mid-20th century. Similarly, the hamstring muscles at the back of the leg are attached to the knee joint with the hamstring tendon.Wallace IJ, Worthington S, Felson DT, et al. The quadriceps muscle, quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon all work together to straighten the knee. The patella further attaches to the tibia through a tendon called the patella tendon. The quadriceps muscles of the knee meet just above the patella and attach to it through a tendon called the quadriceps tendon. Tendons are structures that attach muscles to the bone. When the hamstring muscles contract, the knee bends. The hamstrings are in the back of the thigh. When the quadriceps muscles contract, the knee straightens. The quadriceps muscles are in the front of the thigh. Muscles: There are two major muscles, the quadriceps and the hamstrings, which enable movement of the knee joint. The cruciate ligament in the front of the knee is called anterior cruciate ligament or ACL and the cruciate ligament in the back of the knee is called posterior cruciate ligament or PCL. The collateral ligament on the inside is called the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the collateral ligament on the outside is called the lateral collateral ligament (LCL).Ĭruciate ligaments, present inside the knee joint, control the back-and-forth motion of the knee. ![]() They function to prevent the knee from moving too far during side to side motion. There are two important groups of ligaments that hold the bones of the knee joint together, collateral ligaments and the cruciate ligament.Ĭollateral ligaments are present on either side of the knee. The ligaments of the knee function to stabilize the knee joint. Ligaments are tough bands of tissue that connect one bone to another bone. The menisci also act as a cushion between the femur and tibia by absorbing the shock produced by activities such as walking, running and jumping. The menisci help in load- bearing by preventing the weight from concentrating onto a small area, which could damage the articular cartilage. Menisci function to provide stability to the knee by spreading the weight of the upper body across the whole surface of the tibial plateau. Within the knee joint, between the femur and tibia, there are two C shaped cartilaginous structures called menisci. This fluid lubricates and nourishes the cartilage and bones inside the joint capsule. To further reduce friction between the articulating surfaces of the bones, the knee joint is lined by a synovial membrane which produces a thick clear fluid called synovial fluid. ![]() The cartilage provides a smooth surface that facilitates easy movement. The articulating surface of the femoral condyles, tibial plateaus and the back of the patella are covered with this cartilage. To reduce this friction, all articulating surfaces involved in movement are covered with a white, shiny, slippery layer called articular cartilage. Movement of the bones causes friction between the articulating surfaces. Articular Cartilage and Menisci of the Knee This joint has very little movement and is not considered a part of the main joint of the knee. It acts as a shield and protects the knee joint from direct trauma.Ī fourth bone called the fibula is the other bone of the lower leg. A small bone called the patella sits in this groove and forms the kneecap. The two femoral condyles form a groove on the front (anterior) side of the knee called the patellofemoral groove. The tibia plateau on the inside of the leg is called the medial tibial plateau, and on the outside of the leg it is called the lateral tibial plateau. There are two round knobs at the end of the femur called femoral condyles which articulate with the flat surface of the tibia called the tibial plateau. The knee is a hinge joint made up of two bones, the thighbone (femur) and the shinbone (tibia). Understanding the anatomy of the knee enhances your ability to discuss and choose the right treatment procedure for knee problems with your doctor. Having a well-functioning healthy knee is essential for our mobility and ability to participate in various activities. ![]() They all work together to maintain normal function and provide stability to the knee during movement. The knee is a complex joint made up of different structures including bones, tendons, ligaments and muscles. ![]()
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